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OUR CONTRIBUTION TO THIS EMERGING FIELD OF RESEARCH

6. 1. Report of the first pathologically confirmed case of stroke and cerebral infarct in a patient with Lyme  disease, where the neuropathological analysis  revealed that the pathological changes in the brain correspond to the meningovascular form of chronic Lyme neuroborreliosis.                                                            

6. 2. "Alzheimer's disease - A Spirochetosis?"  

6. 3. Isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from the blood, CSF and brain in Alzheimer disease..                                                     

6. 4. Amyloidogenic proteins may be an intergral part of spirochetes and play a role in  amyloidogenesis in  Alzheimer's disease.                                                                          

6. 5.  Taxonomic characterization  of the isolated and cultivated spirochetes shows that the helically shaped microorganisms belong to the order Spirochaetales.                                         

6. 6. If spirochetes play a role in the formation of senile plaques, they may contain  DNA.

6. 7. Bacterial peptidoglycan, a cell wall component of virtually all Eubacteria, is colocalized with senile  plaques in Alzheimer's disease.    

6. 8. If Alzheimer's disease is a neurospirochetosis, it may be a systemic disorder: Indeed,   Alzheimer's type changes, (e. g. tangle- and curly fiber-like structures, tau  phosphorylation  occur in various other organs than the brain.

 6. 9. One of the portal of entry for oral spirochetes would be the olfactory tract and bulb. If  these spirochetes are involved in AD, the involvement of olfactory system should be one of the earliest event in Alzheimer's disease .

6. 10. In late stages of general paresis in syphilis, in addition to the frontal, temporal and parietal cortices the primary motor cortex is also involved. If Alzheimer's disease  is a neurospirochetosis, the primary motor cortex should also be involved in advanced stages of the disease.  

6. 11. Cerebral hypoperfusion and severely perturbed microvascular network occur in both neurospirochetoses and Alzheimer's disease.  It can cause further cortical damage in the form of cortical watershed microinfarcts.  

6. 12.  Alzheimer's disease - A spirochetosis.

 6. 13. Characterization of spirochetes involved in AD.